
for the first time -
FLOATING a company / FLOATATION

use a bank to UNDERWRITE the issue

RIGHTS ISSUE - offering to existing shareholders
at less than their market price

BONUS/SCRIP/CAPITALISATION ISSUE (GB) / STOCK DIVIDEND/SPLIT (US) =
turn part of the profit into capital by issuing new shares
instead of paying dividends

(US) corporations are permitted to reduce the amount of capital
by BUYING BACK their shares = TREASURY STOCK
(GB - not allowed)